Connectors for Audio Interfaces

Are you getting lost in the variety of connectors available for audio interfaces? In that case I would like to pull your attention towards a recent Sound on Sound article once more. The article ‘Making a Connection’ is found in the August 2015 issue. It compares the specs of different connectors. I’ll comment and add my own reflections in this post.

Some topics covered in the article

-       Bandwidth: the article addresses the difference between theoretical and actual bandwidth for connectors. (Ever found yourself in a FireWire vs. USB discussion?—this article brings technical clarity to the argument.)

-       Generations: what is backwards compatible? –and what are the grey zones you need to look out for.

-       Latency: Why your old FireWire devices may still be faster than many USB-devices and how USB3 is improving.

-       Thunderbolt: an overview over generations and current/ future development.

“For people buying right now, I’m afraid the market is in a state of flux as the various standards evolve.”

=Pete Gardner, Sound on Sound=

Thoughts and trends

When I held my first studio-job we were still recording on tape. In the early 2000’s I would book a studio if I needed to get things done. In the mid-2000’s I bought my first interface and the market has evolved a lot since then. Some trends right now are:

-       As the quote above states, the market for multi-track interfaces is more complex than before.

o   As higher track-count has developed for USB, it has taken market from FireWire.

o   The USB standard in particular, has very different performance between different generations.

o   FireWire is still very much in use on interfaces, but not much on computers. This makes compatibility to Thunderbolt important and the long-term future of the standard is uncertain.

o   PCIe is increasingly less relevant in the semi-pro market thanks to connectors like Thunderbolt, mostly the pro-market remains (notably, Avid).

o   Network plugs (RJ45) have become an important contribution to multi-track audio recording (through the Dante-standard). This is natural as it is found much more frequently than Thunderbolt across all brands and types of computers. Focusrite, a major name in FireWire-interfaces, seems to be making a transition into:

-  Network-plug (RJ45) for large-scale professional audio interfaces

-  Thunderbolt for semi-pro and smaller professional systems

-  USB for consumer and some very compact pro-end systems

-  While they still make FireWire-interfaces (and ensure its compatibility with Thunderbolt), these will probably be phased out over the coming years

Focusrite Clarett with Thunderbolt connectivity

Reflections and Prospects

FireWire

I have been a huge fan of FireWire for a long time. It provides solid track-count and crucially, low latency. But does everyone need this low latency? The answer is, no. Low latency is needed if artists are listening to themselves through a DAW while recording. If you work mostly ‘in the box’ and hardly record acoustic performance you may be less interested in latency. Similarly, if you do live-sound recordings straight off a mixer, latency is not a factor you need to consider.

PCIe

Another standard I have been a fan of is the PCIe; this is because of the high specs it can achieve. As you may have read on this blog before, I was very ambivalent about the new Mac Pro. It is an impressive computer indeed, but it removed the first-choice connector for professional studios entirely from Apple’s products. Connection to PCIe can still be obtained through an adapter (more things to buy and store). In Apple’s defence it could be claimed that it is these sorts of ‘leaps of faith’ that sometimes kick us out of the nest so to speak—and makes us embrace another and more modern way of working.

High-end Equipment with USB

When Yamaha released their new 01v96i some years ago they got much praise for the quality. However, the screen and menus seemed old and some of us were surprised of the relative low number of tracks you could record with it (I know this is subjective). Yamaha were clear that they had chosen the USB2 standard to provide good stability and compatibility with a range of computers. Yamaha have some of the most stable digital mixers on the market so the argument makes sense. The choice was still somewhat conservative. If Yamaha’s thinking remains un-changed in the future, we might see a distinction between mixers that can be digitally cascaded or have peripherals attached (ex: hard-drives on a Thunderbolt set-up), and those who can’t do this.

Mixers for Recording

Will all new mixers have multi-track recording-facilities in the years to come? No, I don’t believe so. We will continue to see capabilities from simple two-track USB-recording and up. Mostly because manufacturers don’t want their products compete with their own siblings. Take a brand like Allen & Heath—all Zed mixers are fitted with high-resolution 2in/ 2out USB recording capacity. If the same mixers could record high-resolution multi-track it would undercut the market for their own R16 and GSR24. On the other hand we see a lot of affordable Midas/ Behringer mixers set up with some sort of multi-track capacity via FireWire or USB (caught speed after Behringer bought Midas). This, together with the low prices is clearly a move to take market shares, and if successful it could force other manufacturers to provide similar capabilities at the same prices.

Midas Venice F32 with full FireWire connectivity (48kHz/ 24bit)

High-end mixers is another field entirely. I don’t believe expensive digital mixers will be made without the infrastructure to record digitally in the future, but that infrastructure will have to be flexible and not locked to one connector. A current example is DigiCo-mixers supporting MADI-standard and Yamaha with expansion slots for a variety of connectors. You will have to buy expansion-cards and interfaces separately, but at this budget it should not be problematic. Product infrastructure and flexibility is more important than having an affordable pre-installed connector that would be limiting your connectivity options.

DigiCo SD7

What will the future of connectors look like?

-       USB & Thunderbolt for small-scale systems, home-studio owners and semi-pro equipment.

-       Thunderbolt & RJ45 for larger scale pro-end systems (I don’t include MADI, lightpipe or similar here, as these will need another interface to connect to the computer). USB might be added to the list if the standard keeps developing, but it will currently be better suited to semi-pro applications rather than pro, when track-count and latency matters.

How fast will the transition away from FireWire, USB 1 & 2 and PCIe happen? It depends; here are a couple of thoughts:

-       Manufacturers will still differentiate their products into different price-brackets. Currently, this means you are likely to pay more for a Tunderbolt-interface than a FireWire or USB-interface even if they are of comparable quality (Thunderbolt is still a buzz-word). When Thunderbolt-equipment becomes more common, the price will slowly decline which will again increase the amount of users—eventually it will take over for FireWire and partially for PCIe. Thunderbolt and the Dante-standard on the RJ45-plug will be the two main competitors in high-capacity audio interfacing.

AVID will keep producing their PCIe cards for a while longer, but they will be increasingly challenged by the likes of Focusrite and Universal Audio who use RJ45 and Tunderbolt. Eventually, I can imagine even Avid dropping the PCIe standard, but have no idea when.

Conclusion

The market will remain in a ‘state of flux’ for a while still. A lot more products will be available at sensible prices in a few years—when the period of ‘flux’ is over for this time. For a good read on the status of the available connectors, do check out Sound on Sound’s article. Hope I have provided you with some food for thought!

(Photo Credit)

Four Tube Condenser Microphones

Ever recorded a whole mix with bright condenser microphones? —and then battling treble and transients, and trying to “warm up” sounds for a week afterwards? You’re not alone!

The modern solid-state condenser’s older sibling—the tube condenser—is often associated with a smoother treble and more mid-range warmth. The number one benchmark for tube condensers have for years been the original Neumann U 47 Tube. When used up front in the mix on, lets say vocals; it tends to create a warm and pleasant nearness of the voice. When used further back in the mix on drums or layered textures it creates a less intrusive sound that fits better into the background of the mix.

In this post I’ll have a look at four tube condensers with contrasting sound. None of them will break the bank—at least not compared to a vintage Neumann!

AKG Perception 820

AKG Perception 820

€ 545 currently at thomann.de, which is below originally intended marked price.

 

A few years back AKG released the Perception series to provide a low-cost alternative to some of their pricier models. With AKG’s high build-quality and this microphone’s sensible price it has the chance to be a modern classic in the lower price-range. Sound on Sound’s Paul White compared it to a Røde K2, but with a “more assertivepresence lift.” The microphone comes complete with a shockmount and a powersupply with selectable polar patterns and switches. This would be a great all-rounder especially for vocals, acoustic guitars and percussion. If you are considering buying one of these there are some interesting media you can check out. The first one is Sound on Sound’s audio-files where you can compare the same sources recorded with both the Perception 820 and the classic AKG C12VR. The other one is the attached promo video for the Perception range. You can hear the sources in isolation and the finished track is out on iTunes together withthe rest of the album.

the t.bone SCT 2000

 

€ 279 or approx. £ 234,00 -conversion rate at the time of writing.

A brand-name that makes you think of American food? ‘the t.bone’ is German online retailer Thomann’s own range of products. This microphone also comes with a shockmount and power supply, plus a wooden box to keep it in, and a suitcase for the whole set. Ingo Vauk wrotein a review in Sound on Sound that the SCT 2000 had a clear and transparent top end and a soft mid-range “— a useful set of attributes when it came to recording a male vocal that was a little edgy in high mid-range. The sound I originally captured with a Neumann KM84 was nice enough, but needed some mid-range taken out with the EQ. When I replaced it for the SCT2000 I got the sound without the EQ, giving a more natural result.” He also mentions how double-tracking and stacking up textures worked well with this microphone.

I think we’re on the track of a poor boys’ U 47 Tube substitute here. If the characteristics Ingo Vauk describes holds true for drums it would be a very exciting microphone to use for overheads.

Pearlman TM 1

 

$ 1600 at vintageking.com

If a U 47 is what you are looking for, this is currently one of the best value-for-money options you have. The Pearlman TM1 is designed and hand-made by Dave Pearlman. Like the microphones mentioned above this one also ships with shockmount, case, power supply and all you need to get started. If you are just starting up your own home-studio, this mic probably still costs a nice little sum of money. But if the classic U 47 sound is what you are looking for, this is really the price-point where the action gets started. Here is a little more information from Tape Op Magazine and here is an interview with Dave Pearlman about the microphone.

Cathedral Pipes Regensburg Dom

$ 1800 at www.cathedralpipes.com

The New Kid on the Block! This blog post was originally going to be limited to three microphones, but I just couldn’t leave this one out! If you forgive me for getting off topic for a moment, this is probably one of the funkiest looking microphones on the marked right now.

Cathedral Pipes is quite a new brand but definitely one to be reckoned with. It is the brainchild of musician and electrical engineer Chuck Dickinson who design and manufacture these microphones in the US. The Regensburg Dom is similarly priced to the Pearlman TM 1 and is a more modern (brighter and more bite) interpretation of the classics U 47 and U 67. The Regensburg Dom also ships with shock mount, power supply, cable and case. If you are considering buying one, Cathedral Pipes have put some vocal samples on their webpage along with some impressive endorsements. In fact, if you are into classic condenser and ribbon microphones, Cathedral Pipes is a manufacturer well worth a closer look!

Here is what Tape Op Magazine wrote about the Regensburg Dom and here is an interview with Chuck Dickinson explaining the microphone range.

Epilogue

The AKG combines a classic tube-sound with a more modern presence boost. The t.bone is as classic tube sound as you’ll get on a low budget. The Peralman is a modern version of the well-proven U 47 formula at a very attractive price. Finally, the Cathedral Pipes is a mix of two historic microphones and will give you classic valve sound with modern style presence.

 

Pre-amps

When the SE Electronics 2200 Tube came out some years ago I had the chance to do a speech test through a Focusrite ISA One on it shortly after. I knew how everyone were raving on about the solid-state version of that microphone, but I never managed to fall for it. There was nothing wrong with it and I usually recorded through a Toft Audio ATB console which I quite liked, but there was never any love at first sight for me. The tube-version through the Focusrite however was a totally different story—I got the creamy Neve-ness combined with the mid-range warmth of the tube microphone. That combination was love at first sight!

If you are a project-studio owner and you have a few decent microphones but are lacking creaminess or warmth, maybe a really nice pre-amp would get you just as far as a new microphone. A good pre-amp can also add some really nice life to D.I. recordings of bass and guitar. If I plan to use a software amp-simulator I always try to record with a little extra gain through valves. You don’t need the most expensive pre-amp for D.I. recordings, but it could turn out to be the factor that takes a digital recording from flat to lifelike. For a high-quality classic valve-sound the Universal Audio 610 Solo comes well within the maximum budget of the most pricy mics above, and so does the Focusrite Isa One if you rather want to go down the solid state Neve-route. Both manufacturers offer mono, stereo and multitrack options for these pre-amps.

Another way entirely for a smooth classic sound, which I won’t be covering here, is a high-quality ribbon microphone. I have shared some thoughts on this in an earlier blog post.

A great couple of resource if you are interested in the sound of Neumann/ Telefunken U 47 are www.u47clones.com and www.u47lovers.com.

Member of the original U47 clientele.

Original U47 Tube. (Photo Credits)

The Music Production Show, Leeds, UK

The Music Production Show took place in Leeds on May 13 and 14. The show boasted a number of essential distributors in the music production industry, along with academic institutions and a good range of seminars. It’s a first time event in Leeds, organized by UK Music Shows Ltd and sponsored by The Production Room, KMR Audio and MusicTech Magazine. The next show will be in London in November.

An updated list over exhibitors associated with the show at any give time can be found here.



Propellerheads ‘Record’ seminar.



Not really having had a chance to try out Propellerheads' critically acclaimed ‘Record’ software yet, we got an up-close look at some of its features in this seminar. The interface is familiar to anyone who has used a traditional mixing console and the wiring of the different units within the software builds on the same idea as in ‘Reason,’ also from Propellerheads.

The analogue SSL-looking interface should appeal to anyone who likes working on a traditional desk. For traditional mix down the Harrison Mixbus Console software is also a good solution, but Record is a much more complete DAW. Record seemed annoyingly good for a devoted ProTools user and I suspect I will end up owning a copy some time in the future.



(DJ and producer Stephen Lynch taking interest in the PreSonus’ Studio Live console.)

Having only seen the PreSonus Studio Live consoles in reviews and in videos I had found them a bit untidy. The signal path that is usually placed vertically or accessed through a menu is laid out horizontally across the desk. This is making one channel cross all other channels at the same time, but all my worries were in vain! It is a very simple console to get into and if it sounds anything as good as the reviews say, it is a bargain! On the wish list, a screen with better resolution would be in order and so would fully automated faders. But then the price wouldn’t be such a steal anymore and it’s original appeal partly lost. However, it would be great to see a new top of the range in the future with the functions mentioned, thunderbolt plug, 32 lines and some extra pro-functions. Especially in a time when rack mounted converters with PCI cards are starting to see competition from various expansion cards and FireWire solutions. Such an upgrade could buy the Studio Live range a place in more professional environments than at current. It would also be a great semi-professional and affordable console for the education sector. Anyway, it’s worth the dream and the current consoles are fab!

Another desirable piece of kit at the Source Distribution stand was the Universal Audio 4-710d. With four Twin-Finity preamps, digital outputs and 1176-style compression it is a versatile workhorse for people who need more lines than the average stereo pre-amp can provide. For anyone recording drums, live strings or bands through Digi 003s and Focusrite Liquid Saphires and the likes, this is one of the best next investment stages for their recording chains currently on the marked.



(Neuman KH 120 A)

With one of the strongest brand names in music production gear for close to a hundred years, German microphone manufacturer Neuman has recently moved into the monitor marked.



(New old classics.)





The Neumann Solution-D system encompasses digital microphone interfaces that uses the AES/EBU format and a range of microphones with digital outputs. Solution-D microphones can be distinguished by their blue label, as opposed to the regular red label of Neumann microphones, and they have a ‘D’ added to their model number.



Since the first news of its arrival over a year ago I have wanted to get my hands on the new FireWire mixer from Allen & Heath. The GS-R24 builds on the success of the Zed R-16, which has been praised both for its great sound and functionality. When Sound On Sound Magazine tested the R-16 a couple of years ago they suggested that the preamps might actually sound better than the old Digidesign Control 24. The Control 24’s Focusrite preamps were never known for being the best, but they were of a very respectable quality non-the less. That a little pad with a computer-cable running to a laptop could possibly do better sounding recordings at a fraction of the cost was indeed interesting news back then. But now there is a big brother! It’s got more tracks, midi-functions, two tube channels and a meter-bridge. Of you also include the optional FireWire card and fader-automation, the price is roughly around six and a half thousand Pounds in the UK. This is the same prise-bracket as the old Control 24 and the newer C24, now from AVID. But in the C24’s case you might have double the amount to include a converter system with the same track count. And then off course, you’ll need a big computer where you can fit the PCI cards. With the top-spec GS-R24 you’ll need a cable and a laptop and you’re ready to go.

I’m a big fan of AVID’s hardware and in many ways there’s nothing just like their complete systems for the professional studio. But if you’re looking for a cost-effective tracking system or enjoy working on analogue consoles and maybe even once used DA-88s and ADATs; Allen & Heath potentially just cut your new investment costs in half for a 24 channel multi-track system. And that, while maintaining a high sound quality.

The user-manual for Mackie’s once very successful 8-bus series said that no other console had ever produced so many hit-records. The Mackie was affordable and good enough. The new GS-R is affordable and better sounding. For smaller studios and colleges I believe expensive solutions based on PCI-systems are about to be substituted with new FireWire systems (and possibly RJ-45) and Thunderbolt in the future. This mixer helps to define that emerging bracket.

An exciting feature with the GS-R24 is the two valve channels that you can mix through. We loaded up a Bob Marley master-tape in a Logic session and had a play with the channels. At low drive the valve-channels sounded nice and clean, but when we pushed the drive to the max it really brought the sound out in the mix. There was no real sense of distortion (though louder sounds may react differently), but a real sense that the instrument came out of the speakers and into the room. Playing an electric guitar through the valves at high drive made our small PA speakers sound like there was an additional valve-combo hidden behind the mixer.

For further information on this mixer, Sound On Sound Magazine has just done a comprehensive test. For link, click here. For more information on the Zed R-16, click here for the 2008 test of this mixer by the same magazine.



SSL Nucleus is a great DAW controller that includes two SSL preamps. It comes bundled with SSL Duende Native plug-ins. But the most interesting feature is possibly that it can juggle between several different DAWs at the same time.

Though it would increase the cost I would love to see this machine with 8 or more preamps in the future. Just think of the possibilities if it could track a whole drum kit and had an additional 8 lines in and 8 lines out, and a FireWire connector.

Audio-Technica

Audio-Technica had a stand with a great selection of microphones and headphones. Being a brand that have made their mark with high quality at competitive prices, microphones like their AT-2020 has received a lot of positive talk in the industry press.

I was keen to test out the ATH-M50 headphones, which is the only studio-headphone they make that I had no experience with. The exhibitors had set up a MacBook Pro with an Apogee Duet interface so we could try out the headphones we wanted. I found a familiar track in their iTunes and plugged the headphones in. What struck me at first was how ‘open’ the M50s sound. Compared to the harder sounding M40s there is an extended bass range and they are less mid-heavy. Going from M40s to M50s is really a bit like switching from small near-field monitoring to big main or mid-field monitoring. The only thing I would like differently with the M50s would be a little more definition in the mid-range. A little touch of Adam’s well defined midrange monitor-sound would be a great help when working with vocals.

At loud volumes I find that the M40s have a tendency to distort quite a bit. I pushed the M50s slowly up as loud as my ears could stand. There were no tendencies to distortion and they gave me a big smile on my face! I tried to do the same with the M40s and quite swiftly found their faults.

M50s will be great tools as studio fold-back, and for editing and listening. When mixing, you might have to pay attention to the seemingly soft mid-range. This is not a big issue and the headphones are more than good. If you’re a student who’s mixing on cans by night and speakers by day to not get evicted from your house, this is a perfect tool! The listening experience, volume-tolerance and dynamics are fantastic and the applications it can be used for are diverse. I own several pairs of Audio-Techinca headphones, and I have been much fond of the M40s. –but I have never thought the time for an upgrade was as ready as now!

(M-Audio makes surprisingly good monitors nowadays, even for picky ears.)

New M-Boxes

AVID’s new M-Boxes have grown up for real! There’s only one line of preamps in the new models and they are the same as the ones in AVID’s top consoles. The M-Box Pro (3rd gen.) has hence truly become a piece of pro-equipment for serious songwriters, producers with space limitations and small production suites. Its connectivity makes it ideal for anyone with a few pieces of well-chosen kit, the new studio matrix makes it ideal for a double speaker set-up, and its pre-amps are the same as you’ll find in big studios with AVID hardware. Not to mention, the new improved casing seems to be bombproof! The M-Box pro-model just went from semi-pro to pro!



(We all fell in love with the Euphonix control surfaces once again. Music producer and creative entrepreneur Philip Edwards and Stephen Lynch at the AVID stand.)

Academic Institutions

My own college, Leeds College of Music was naturally present at the show. It was also great to get to meet representatives from Hull College. With a broad range of courses at Hull School of Performing Arts, they offer a versatile platform for educating creatives. They also offer evening courses and summer school in ‘Electronic Music Production’ and ‘Music Recording.’

Final Remarks

The Music Production Show in Leeds was clearly a big hit! Leeds is a city with a well-developed music scene. Both thanks to the community itself and Leeds College of Music, this city is literally bursting with musicians from all over the world. Still, the international music-scene output from Leeds is comparatively small besides London and the likes. With some top class suppliers of equipment in town, a music industry in global change and a local music community in growth, there could only be a question of time before an initiative like this hit Leeds. Moreover, it shows that there is a growing recognition for the potential in Leeds amongst suppliers, creative academia and other important players. With a well-educated and well-equipped musician’s community, the next big step for Leeds is to communicate to the world what it is up to.

If I wanted to start a UK-based production house with top-notch access to musicians and suppliers, but avoid the competition in London, this would be the place. It is great to see the production-industry thinking the same, and I’m looking forward to future Music Production Shows up North!